Communication is a fundamental aspect of our daily lives, yet it often goes underappreciated or misunderstood. It’s more than mere words exchanged between individuals; it’s a dynamic, ongoing process that involves a complex interplay between various elements. As discussed by theorist David Berlo, communication is not a static sequence but a fluid process without a distinct beginning or end, where each component influences the others. This blog will delve into the nature of communication, exploring its three core aspects: its processual nature, its role in interactions between two or more individuals, and its expression through both verbal and nonverbal modes. By understanding these dimensions, we can gain a deeper appreciation of how communication shapes our interactions and impacts our relationships.
The Processual Nature of Communication
To understand why communication is considered a process, it is vital to differentiate between a process and a step. A process, as elaborated by David Berlo, is an ongoing, fluid interaction. Unlike a step, which has a clear beginning and end, a process does not bind itself to a fixed sequence of events. It thrives on its dynamism, with components interacting continuously, each element influencing the others in a seamless ebb and flow.
Communication can often have repetitive elements, but it doesn’t have definitive start or stop points. Consider a conversation with a friend; it may pick up and drop off naturally, seamlessly transitioning between topics and emotions. The threads of communication can always be picked up again, which highlights its ongoing, unfixed nature.
Key Aspects of Communication as a Process:
- Non-linear: Communication doesn’t follow a set path; it adapts and changes.
- Interactive: Each part of communication affects and is affected by the other parts.
- Recurrent: Components may repeat without a rigid sequence.
Interpersonal Aspect of Communication
Communication is inherently social, occurring between two or more people. This is where roles such as ‘sender’ and ‘receiver’ come into play. At any given moment in a conversation, one person assumes the role of the sender — the one conveying the message — while the other takes on the role of the receiver, the one who processes and understands the message.
A dynamic interaction occurs when these roles are exchanged. Sometimes, this exchange is seamless and occurs multiple times within a single conversation. This fluid swapping of roles symbolizes the interactive nature of communication, allowing for a two-way exchange and understanding between participants.
Sender and Receiver Dynamics:
- Sender: Initiates communication by sending a message.
- Receiver: Interprets and understands the message.
- Role Reversal: As conversations progress, roles may interchange, allowing for feedback and dialogue.
Verbal and Nonverbal Expression of Communication
Communication is not limited to words; it encompasses both verbal and nonverbal elements that provide a fuller picture of the message being conveyed. Verbal communication involves the direct use of language to convey messages. It’s straightforward and often used for specific information exchange.
On the other hand, nonverbal communication encompasses a range of expressive behaviors that might involve body language, gestures, facial expressions, and even the tone of voice. For example, the mere act of raising an eyebrow can convey doubt or skepticism, while crossed arms might signal defensiveness or disinterest.
Both verbal and nonverbal cues are crucial because they complement each other. Nonverbal communication can augment or even contradict what is being said verbally, providing context and adding depth to the interaction.
Verbal Communication:
- Involves spoken or written words.
- Used for clear, direct exchanges.
Nonverbal Communication:
- Includes body language, gestures, facial expressions.
- Adds meaning and nuance to the spoken word.
One-Way vs. Two-Way Communication
Understanding the directionality of communication can further deepen our grasp of how it functions. Communication can either be a one-way or a two-way process.
One-Way Communication:
- Characterized by a single flow of information from sender to receiver.
- The receiver does not have the opportunity to respond, such as when watching a prerecorded video or reading a memo.
- Often used in situations where feedback is not immediately necessary.
Two-Way Communication:
- Involves active engagement where both parties can send and receive messages.
- Promotes interaction, feedback, and clarity.
- Essential for building relationships, resolving conflicts, and collaborative efforts.
Consider a video lecture: when a professor talks, participants listen without immediately responding, representing a one-way process. However, if participants engage in a discussion afterwards, it becomes a two-way communication process, allowing for questions and feedback.
Conclusion
Understanding the nature of communication as a process emphasizes its complexity and depth. It spans beyond mere verbal exchanges, involving dynamic interactions and multifaceted forms of expression. By appreciating the continuous, interpersonal, and expressive elements of communication, individuals can enhance their communicative skills, leading to more meaningful interactions and informed relationships. This understanding not only enhances personal and professional relationships but also fosters a more connected and communicative society.
